Economic Policy and the Global Government

Question: Describe about the Economic Policy and the Global Government. Answer: Introduction Research proposal is mainly considered as written document that describes the thoughts for an study on a certain topic. It mainly delineates the procedure from the start to end and may be used to request financing for the proposal as well as documentation for performing assured parts of research of the experiment. The key objective of the research proposal is to demonstrate the problem that the researcher proposes to examine. The introduction is considered as the imperative part of the proposal that provides the researcher with the background documents for the research reported in the paper. The major objective is to create interest of the topic for the researcher. The aim of the research proposal is to develop an understanding related to whether global civil society is affecting the capacity of nation-states to reach inter-state agreements on climate change (Blondel et al., 2013). A research proposal is mostly intended to convince others that the researcher have a worthwhile project that deals with a document proposing a research project. Climate change is gradually more acknowledged as one of the most grave environmental threats that are facing humanity. GCS was represented as an impending driving force behind the increase of common directorial standards for authoritarian decision-making within the global legal regimes. The rapidly increasing consensus about the sternness of the problem is at probability with the slow rate of development to date in dealing with the issue through global cooperation. Global governance is a movement towards political incorporation of transactional actors who are intended at negotiating responses to issues that influence more than state or region (Wilson, 2015). The objective of the proposal is to acknowledge the understanding of GCS that deals with the assortment as well as heterogeneity of the civil society representation. Climate change is mostly considered as one of the most imperative threats that is facing the world. A large cut in global greenhouse gas release takes place mostly due to the most awful consequence of climate change. The burning of coal, oil and natural gas leads to greenhouse gases that in turn lead to climate change. The proposal provides an overview about research hypothesis that is mostly based on the research question. The global civil society partnership on climate change is a unit that upholds a website and illustrates itself as an international group of non-profit firms. The Research methodology part gives an overview about the suitable method of research that has been analyzed. Gantt chart provides the total schedule for each task that is performed to execute the final proposal (Chandhoke, 2015). Statement of the Problem: The problem statement mainly describes the context of the proposal and it also recognizes the general investigation approach. In this case, the problem is described as the problem that exists in the literature as well as the theory. It is imperative in a proposal that the problem stand out that can be easily recognized by the researcher. A problem statement requires to be presented within a circumstance and that circumstance should be provided as well as described briefly. The description should include a discussion of the theoretical as well as hypothetical structure in which it is embedded (Addy, 2015). Purpose of the Study: The purpose of the study is to supply a precise as well as accurate outline of the overall objective of the study. This statement should comprise not only the instant purpose of the study but it also includes the concluding purpose. The purpose of the study is to describe the final conclusion that the research study hopes to reach. A purpose is mainly a declarative sentence that summarizes the precise topic as well as objectives of a document. The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether global civil society is affecting the capacity of nation-states to reach inter-state agreements on climate change. The paper will mainly describe issues that arouse surrounding the involvement of civil society in global governance. The proposal makes the sense for developing a sense of this observable fact by making the use of cases from actual instances of strategy thoughts (Correll et al., 2014). Literature Review A literature review is mainly defined as a scholarly paper that comprises the present knowledge including substantive results. It also provides a hypothetical and methodological contribution to a particular topic. These are mostly considered as the secondary sources that does not report a new or unique experimental work. Such reviews are mostly found in academic journals that are mostly associated with academic-oriented literature. Literature reviews mostly work as a basis for research in almost each academic field. Literature Reviews are mostly classified as evaluative, investigative as well as instrumental. A literature review is mainly a simple summary of the sources that combines both summary and synthesis. A summary is a recap of the imperative data of the source. On the other hand, synthesis is a restructuring or a reorganizing of information (Galati Moessner, 2013). As opined by Broto Bulkeley, (2013), the activists of the civil society are increasingly becoming liaise with individuals from diverse organization. The science of climate change stays fiercely contested with considerable disagreements over what impact it will have on the capacity of nation-states to reach inter-state agreements. The scale of challenge related to climate change implies that global civil society should not be underestimated. As opined by Wise et al., (2014), participation of nation-states to reach inter-state agreements can differ from very diffident to extensive. The movements that are taken by participating countries can be distinguished both in terms of when such action is commenced as well as who takes the action. An agreement can be stationary participation or may change over time. The nation-states can graduate from one tier of pledges to another. Graduation can be connected to passing of quantitative thresholds for assured parameters that have predefined in the agreement. It has been argued by Bhmelt, Koubi Bernauer, (2014), that an inter-state agreement should include only the key emitters to be effectual. A climatic change is a complicated phenomenon that includes a large diversity of tendencies as well as trends in the monetary, social and intellectual spheres. It has a multidimensional nature and thus does not provide itself to a sole definition. It can also be described as escalating and dee pened flows between countries of commodities, services as well as capital and information. This in turn generates cross-border incorporation of various social, cultural and economic activities. The lifting of trade barriers, liberalization of world capital markets and rapid technical progress have immensely increased and hasten the movement of individual, goods and capital. As a result, it has also expanded the range of issues that drop over the boundaries of nation-States requiring global setting of norm and guideline. The problems that are affecting the world today mostly deals with environmental pollution and climatic change that leads to economic crisis. Greater cost-effective and social interdependence seems to have an effect on national decision-making procedures in to primary ways. It calls for a transfer of decisions to the international level and, due to an augment in the demand for participation; it also requires many choices to be transferred to local levels of government. Climate change entails complicated decision-making procedure that takes place at diverse levels. It has been argued that nation-States will only adjust to climate change but it will not have a role in it (Adger et al., 2013). The materialization of the global civil society (GCS), and the augmenting levels of cross-border trade alters the nation-States into a relic is incorrect. In the global ground, closer collaboration and concentrated act among States represents an exercise of State dominion. The global civil society did not necessarily affected the capacity of nation-states to reach inter-state agreements on climate change, rather it strengthened the capacity by generating more stable global environment. Moreover, climate change without being effective leads to crisis, as markets are neither intrinsically stable nor equitable. Global civil society can make obtainable valuable inputs that help in solving problems. It helps to foster new relationship between civil servants as well as inhabitants. As a result, it does not affect capacity of nation-states to reach inter-state agreements on climate change. Larger emphasis is put on ethics as well as on anti-corruption measures (Eberly, 2013). The nation-States has guaranteed internal and external security; underpinned the law and built the structure for economic and social activities. The principle and role of the nation-State have been transformed noticeably. The general configuration of its responsibilities has changed and this in turn has introduced imperative modification both in the strategy ground as well as in the requirements in the State. If the state is to perform its new role efficiently, the public sector will require to adapt to the national as well as international changing state of affairs and challenges. The nation-states, in partnership with global civil society have a key role to play in the quest for peace, social equity and sustainable development. This will help the nation-states to reach the inter-state agreements on climatic changes. The challenges related to climate change leads to myth within one sovereign state that has no equivalent influence on other sovereign states (De Bakker et al., 2013). As opined by Poutiainen et al., (2013), the requirement of clear objectives is an imperative element of any climate agreement. This helps to provide a widespread vision about the approaching direction and it will also offer longer-term assurance. Global marker-based approaches can provide cost-effective results that help to address climatic changes if they integrate a broad coverage of countries and sectors. A successful climate change agreement will be its ability to motivate the development as well as transfer of technology. Global civil society plays a major role in pushing for new laws, programs as well as policies and strategies on climate change. This is mainly done by embracing governments to account on their commitments and recognizing the lack of joined-up responses of the government to climate changes. Civil society support on climate change provides an analysis of the tools that helps to manipulate strategy responses to climate changes. As opined by Carley, Smith Jenkins, (2013), global civil society plays a positive role in adjustment that helps to promote climate change risks in policy decision making. It helps to improve the access of the population to climate information. It also gives voice to the more susceptible groups to make sure the acknowledgement of the high susceptibility of these groups in communal strategy. The liability that is related with climate change is determined not only by revelation to climate events but also by communal or institutional resources within a determined society. In an unbalanced scenario, the most exposed to climate change are not those most accountable for its causes , access to climate information at the domestic level is lacking or non-existent and source of revenue are extremely dependent on climate circumstances. In this scenario, global civil society plays an important role so as to obtain the incorporation of long-term risks related to climate. The amalgamation of climate hazards into decision-making will be the consequence of a participatory and responsibility procedure that starts with access to the data that facilitates a timely acknowledgment. It is not sufficient to have information at the national level for making a decision. Climate change adjustment consists of the modification of natural systems to climate stimuli in order to modest harm. The immense preponderance of research is apprehensive with the governance of climate change that mainly focus on the development of the global climate change management. The main focus is on the state-centric administration as the method of analyzing international climate co-operation is directly related to the pervasiveness of a number of definitive hypothesis (Kirchhoff, Lemos Dessai, 2013). It has been analyzed that regime theory envisages of international climate governance effectively in terms of the management of a collective action problem. The management of climate change is viewed as the primary duty of the government. However, it has been found that the regime theory is more reliable with government as opposed to governance. As a result, the governments are expected to recognize and bring issues to the global negotiating table. This insight is directly related to the nation that states are the only rightful authority in the global arena. The key assumption under regime theory is that the most important purpose of nation-State climate collaboration is for the perception of the self-interests of individual state actors. The view of global governance materialized out of a certain displeasure with the conventional regime approach to international policies. Governance is defined as the procedure that generates the situation for prearranged rule as well as combined act ion within the political realm (Pierre, 2014). Global environmental governance theorists argue that their viewpoint represents an imperative corrective to the conventional regime approach in various ways. The first approach deals with a better heuristic device for capturing visible phenomenon. The perception of global civil society makes space for importance on multilevel interplays and issue-linkages in the understandings of approaches to international climate politics. The principle claim of global civil society is that the nation-State actors are new relevant players in the global arena and the states are losing power to these new groups of actors (Zelli Van Asselt, 2013). Research questions and Hypothesis To what extent global civil society influence the current negotiation procedure ? How is climate change different from other environmental problems and how do these differences have an effect on the dynamics of climate change conciliation? Is global civil society affecting the capacity of nation-states to reach inter-state agreements on climate change? What role does global civil society plays in shaping global climatic change negotiation? Hypothesis The predecessor to a hypothesis is aresearch problem that is usually enclosed as aquestion. It is also regarded as extensive as a statement however; it is not testable by any reasonable scientific methods. On the other hand, a hypothesis may be testable, if the current knowledge as well as techniques are taken into consideration (Barr et al., 2013). H0: Global civil society (GCS) is affecting the capacity of nation-states to reach inter-state agreements on climate change H1: Global civil society (GCS) is not affecting the capacity of nation-states to reach inter-state agreements on climate change Research Methodology Research Methodology mainly includes the systematic way to solve a problem. It is a methodical plan that helps to conduct a research. It is an academic activity that should be used in a technological sense. Research methodology mostly comprises defining and redefining problems as well as devising hypothesis. It is important to design a methodology for the issue chosen (Mackey Gass, 2015). Research Philosophy: It is a broad topic that deals with the basis, nature and development of knowledge. Even though, the idea of knowledge creation may materialize to be profound, the researcher gets engaged in the creation of knowledge as part of implementing the proposal. The researcher requires gathering both primary and secondary data and engaging in data study to provide answer to the research question. Research philosophy is also regarded as a principle about the method in which data about an observable fact that should be collected, analyzed and used. Positivist believes that reality is steady that can be observed as well as depicted from an objective perspective. Positivism involves exploitation of reality with dissimilarities in only a single independent variable in order to identify regularities. It also has a long and rich historical tradition and is also entrenched in the society such that knowledge asserts not grounded in positivist thought that are considered to be inv alid. Positivism is also known to have a particular successful connection with the physical and natural sciences (Mkansi Acheampong, 2012). On the other hand, interpretivist approach helps the researcher to interpret components of the study thus helping the individuals to gain human interest into a study. It is mainly associated with the theoretical position of idealism that is used to group together varied approaches that includes social constructivism as well as phenomenology. This type of approach is also based on naturalistic approach to collect data that includes interviews and surveillances (Paul Victor et al., 2016). Descriptive: Descriptive research mainly includes surveys as well as fact-finding enquiries of diverse kinds. This type of research helps to depict the participants in an accurate way. There are mostly three types of descriptive research approach, which mainly includes observational, case study and survey. Observational studies deals with field observation and laboratory observation. Laboratory observation takes place when a researcher scrutinizes the subject in a laboratory setting. On the other hand, field observation is the study where a researcher observes the subject in its natural surroundings. Survey on the other hand, deals with interviewing the individuals as well as handing over questionnaires to fill out. Deductive Approach: This type of approach mainly deals with the development of hypothesis that is based on the existing theory. Once the theory is developed, a research strategy is designed to test the hypothesis. With the help of hypothesis, deductive approach can be explained that mostly deals with the proposition of the theory. The approach also explores an observable fact as well as tests whether the theory is suitable in a given circumstances. The steps that are involved mainly involves deducing hypothesis from theory, devising hypothesis in operational terms as well as investigating the outcome of the test (Colucci et al., 2014). Exploratory Research: This type of research is mainly conducted when there are few or no earlier studies that is conducted for an issue that has not been evidently defined. This type of research mostly takes place before the researcher makes enough theoretical distinction. It will help the researcher to conclude the best research design as well as the best method of collection. The techniques that used by exploratory research includes secondary research such as reviewing obtainable literature and qualitative data approaches. However, the results of exploratory research are not usually useful for making a decision (Gray et al., 2014). Qualitative Method: It is mainly regarded as a primary exploratory research. With the help of this method, the researcher will gain a perceptive of the underlying reason as well as estimation. It provides insights into the problem and develops thoughts as well as hypothesis for probable quantitative research. In order to uncover trends in thoughts and view, it is important to make the use of qualitative method so as to get deeper insight about the problem. Qualitative collection of data differs by making the use of unstructured as well as semi-structured techniques. It is mostly important in the behavioral sciences where the objective is to discover the primary motives of human behavior. There are three most common qualitative methods that are explained in details with the help of respective modules (Ragin, 2014). Quantitative Method: It is used to quantify the issue by the method of generating numerical data that can be transformed into useable statistics. However, quantitative method is much more structured as compared to qualitative method. Quantitative method mostly includes online surveys, paper surveys, face-to-face interviews as well as mobile surveys. This method is relatively more flexible and it allows inflexibility for meaningful contrast of responses across contestants as well as study sites (Garner Scott, 2013). Gantt chart A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that was developed by Henry Gantt in the year 1910 however it was first devised by Karol Adamiecki in the year 1890. Henry Gantt was an American engineer as well as a management consultant who developed his own version of the chart. Gantt chart mostly illustrates a project schedule that includes the start and the end date of terminal elements. It is used commonly in the management of project as it acts as one of the powerful tools that shows the activities demonstrated against time. A bar represents every individual activity that is demonstrated by the chart (Baker Trietsch, 2013). Previously the chart was prepared with the help of hand. As a result, every time the chart was found incorrect it was amended or redrawn. The project schedules are mostly tracked with the help of the Gantt chart. However, at present Gantt chart is created with the help of computers as well as software related to project management. As a result, it has been developed, updated and can be printed easily. Most of the generic resources are also scheduled with the help of Gantt chart. The scheduling mainly includes the scheduling production process as well as rostering of the employees. Task Start Date Duration End Date Project Proposal 17-Sep 15.00 2-Oct Literature Review 3-Oct 60.00 4-Jan Data Collection 5-Jan 55.00 29-Feb Data Analysis 1-Mar 30.00 31-Mar Final Report Submission 1-Apr 31.00 30-Apr The preparation of the project proposal is the principle task of the research. The research work mostly starts after the completion of the proposal outline. The knowledge related to the subject is imperative to the researcher to carry out the research. As per the Gantt chart, it will take some days to prepare the literature review. The chart shows estimated time for every task that is conducted by the researcher. Data collection is considered as the important part of the task as it helps to ensure the integrity of research. With the help of data collection, the researcher are able to validate the proposal. Data collection is mostly depended on the nature of the analysis that helps to investigate the problems. The proposal that is being studied mainly involves secondary research. Secondary research also involves less time as compared to primary research. Lastly, the data analysis process mostly involves the information that is gathered from literature review. As a result, the analysis of data requires more time. Once the data is analyzed, the final research proposal is produced (Liu et al., 2014). Description of the research process There are several research procedures that are used while conducting the research. The research method that has been used to analyze that whether global civil society is affecting the capacity of nation-states to reach inter-state agreements on climate change is the secondary research method. The secondary research method collects the data that are readily available from other sources. As a result, these data are rapidly obtainable as compared to the primary data. Secondary data are inexpensive as it saves effort as well as expenses. It is also time saving and it also makes primary data more precise. With the help of secondary data the researcher will be able to make out what are the gaps as well as shortages and the extra data that requires to be gathered (Zikmund et al., 2013). With the help of the secondary research, the researcher will be able to get the relevance about a considerable degree of consensus on the causes that are affecting the capacity of nation-states to reach inter-state agreements. This method will also help to gain sufficiency, as the researcher will be able to gather adequate data and also find the accuracy of the data. The secondary method will help to highlight the major points of tension that leads to negotiation of climate policy to look into some of the dynamics that are associated with such a complicated area that includes civil society participation. The participants of the global civil society are engaged in climate conciliation knowledge that represents that the stakes are high. The analysis that is developed here is mainly based on data collected with the help of a variety of a qualitative sociological research method. The researcher has also conducted various face-to-face interviews with participants in these procedures that have varied in procedure from fairly prearranged interviews to casual discussion (Hanington Martin, 2012). Data collection and analysis method The research will be mostly based on secondary research and it mostly includes appropriate and well-implemented methods for the collection of data. As a result, the researcher will be able to get an overview about the issues that are associated while selecting and using methods for impact estimates. In other words, estimates that give information about the proposed and unplanned long-term effects produced by programs or strategies (Little Rubin, 2014). The collection of data should be geared towards the combine of evidence and should be considered to answer the precise key estimate question. During the planning stage of evaluation, the logical framework as well as the methodology for analyzing the meaning of the data should be considered. Data collection and the method of analysis requires to be considered in order to complement the strengths and weaknesses of each other (Elo et al., 2014). The purposes of the evaluation must be decided before making choices about what data to gather and how to analyze them. An impact estimate may be specially made to notify a decision about making alters to a program or policy. It is required to start the data collection planning by evaluating to what extent existing data can be used. A good management of data will comprise the development of effective procedures that will help to record and collect data consistently. It is important to make the use of standardized data collection tools that have already been tested and endeavored in real life. In order to maximize the quality of data, it is imperative to improve standardized data collection tools. The issue that requires to be addressed as well as fully described in the evaluation plan is the sampling strategy that is used. Sampling is described as procedure that selects units from the population of interest. In the research proposal, the researcher requires to conduct an analysis of the data. Once the analysis is performed, the difficult part of the work is completed (Gale et al., 2013). Expected Research Outcome The outcomes are regarded as the changes or consequences that are expected by an organization to be accomplished after the successful achievement of the project. The expected outcomes can either be qualitative or quantitative or both. In terms of technical contribution, the expected outcome of the proposal is related openly to progression of theoretical perceptive of the administration of business services that characterizes a occurrence that is applicable to almost all fields of trade. The outcome of the research is that global civil society (GCS) is not affecting the capacity of nation-states to reach inter-state agreements on climate change. Global climate changes challenges the nation-State in two ways. The first way augments the demand for mitigative as well as adaptive movements that in turn places an extra pressure on the overall capacities of nation-States to promote as well as look after the welfare of the individuals. The second way deals with international changes that increase the mutual reliance of nation-States. This in turn undermines the idea of independence as enshrined in the conventional system. Given the uneven geographic distribution of adverse results of international environmental change, the nation-States are likely to face more demands for adaptation as compared to others. As per the analysis, the regime theory is harmonized in nature and it is territorially bounded that resides in the national government. As per this theory, the relationshi p between the state and the non-state actors are hardly acknowledged. The trade related to climate change governance is positioned squarely on the shoulders of state actors. On the other hand, the global civil society is harmonized however; it is does not involve unitary actors as it recognizes the activity of non-states. The nature of power related to global governance is viewed as zero-sum where the power is mostly located within states that are not territorially surrounded. The outcome also shows that the participants of global civil society are engaged in the negotiation of climate and as a result, they are not affecting the capacity of nation-states to reach inter-state agreements on climate change. Global civil society is itself a blanket term that merges as a variety of individuals with often adversative position. Though, there has been a distinction between global civil society as well as the nation-State members it does not affect the interstate agreement. References Addy, M. (2015). Introduction and Overview: Statement of the Problem. InDentine Hypersensitivity(pp. 1-10). Springer International Publishing. Adger, W. N., Quinn, T., Lorenzoni, I., Murphy, C., Sweeney, J. (2013). Changing social contracts in climate-change adaptation.Nature Climate Change,3(4), 330-333. Baker, K. R., Trietsch, D. (2013).Principles of sequencing and scheduling. John Wiley Sons. Barr, D. J., Levy, R., Scheepers, C., Tily, H. J. (2013). Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal.Journal of memory and language,68(3), 255-278. Blondel, A., Bravar, A., Pohl, M., Bachmann, S., Berger, N., Kiehn, M., ... Schultz-Coulon, H. C. (2013). Research Proposal for an Experiment to Search for the Decay { mu}- eee.arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.6113. Bhmelt, T., Koubi, V., Bernauer, T. (2014). Civil society participation in global governance: Insights from climate politics.European Journal of Political Research,53(1), 18-36. Broto, V. C., Bulkeley, H. (2013). A survey of urban climate change experiments in 100 cities.Global Environmental Change,23(1), 92-102. Carley, M., Smith, H., Jenkins, P. (2013).Urban development and civil society: The role of communities in sustainable cities. Routledge. Chandhoke, N. (2015). How global is global civil society?.Journal of World-Systems Research,11(2), 355-371. Colucci, S., Giannini, S., Donini, F. M., Di Sciascio, E. (2014). A deductive approach to the identification and description of clusters in Linked Open Data. InECAI(pp. 987-988). Correll, P., Cantrell, S. C., Malo-Juvera, V., Powell, R. (2014). Purpose of the Study. De Bakker, F. G., Den Hond, F., King, B., Weber, K. (2013). Social movements, civil society and corporations: Taking stock and looking ahead.Organization Studies,34(5-6), 573-593. Eberly, D. (2013).The rise of global civil society: Building communities and nations from the bottom up. Encounter Books. Elo, S., Kriinen, M., Kanste, O., Plkki, T., Utriainen, K., Kyngs, H. (2014). Qualitative content analysis.Sage Open,4(1), 2158244014522633. Galati, G., Moessner, R. (2013). Macroprudential policya literature review.Journal of Economic Surveys,27(5), 846-878. Gale, N. K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S., Redwood, S. (2013). Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research.BMC medical research methodology,13(1), 117. Garner, R., Scott, G. M. (2013).Doing qualitative research: designs, methods, and techniques. Pearson Education. Gray, S. W., Martins, Y., Feuerman, L. Z., Bernhardt, B. A., Biesecker, B. B., Christensen, K. D., ... McGuire, A. L. (2014). Social and behavioral research in genomic sequencing: approaches from the Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research Consortium Outcomes and Measures Working Group.Genetics in Medicine,16(10), 727-735. Hanington, B., Martin, B. (2012).Universal methods of design: 100 ways to research complex problems, develop innovative ideas, and design effective solutions. Rockport Publishers. Kirchhoff, C. J., Lemos, M. C., Dessai, S. (2013). Actionable knowledge for environmental decision making: broadening the usability of climate science.Annual review of environment and resources,38(1), 393. Little, R. J., Rubin, D. B. (2014).Statistical analysis with missing data. John Wiley Sons. Liu, Y. C., Gao, H. M., Yang, S. M., Chuang, C. Y. (2014, July). Application of Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Gantt Chart to Project Scheduling with Resource Constraints. InICIC (2)(pp. 241-252). Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Mkansi, M., Acheampong, E. A. (2012). Research philosophy debates and classifications: students dilemma.Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods,10(2), 132-140. Paul Victor, C. H. I. T. R. A., Treschuk, J., Peoples, M., Lewis, M. (2016). Interpretivist Paradigm: Essential for nursing research. Pierre, J. (2014). Can urban regimes travel in time and space? Urban regime theory, urban governance theory, and comparative urban politics.Urban Affairs Review, 1078087413518175. Poutiainen, C., Berrang-Ford, L., Ford, J., Heymann, J. (2013). Civil society organizations and adaptation to the health effects of climate change in Canada.Public health,127(5), 403-409. Ragin, C. C. (2014).The comparative method: Moving beyond qualitative and quantitative strategies. Univ of California Press. Wilson, S. (2015). Implementing the Indigenous paradigm in the research proposal. Wise, R. M., Fazey, I., Smith, M. S., Park, S. E., Eakin, H. C., Van Garderen, E. A., Campbell, B. (2014). Reconceptualising adaptation to climate change as part of pathways of change and response.Global Environmental Change,28, 325-336. Zelli, F., Van Asselt, H. (2013). Introduction: The institutional fragmentation of global environmental governance: Causes, consequences, and responses.Global Environmental Politics,13(3), 1-13. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., Griffin, M. (2013).Business research methods. Cengage Learning.